There is a substantial literature on miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage and an intense desire from both patients and clinicians to provide treatment that prevents miscarriage. This situation has led to the recommendation of investigations and therapies that have little scientific rationale resulting in significant emotional and financial costs to both the patients and healthcare providers. Therefore, in this article I have used a problem-based approach to highlight the paucity of meaningful investigations and effective treatments for both miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage. At present, the only cause of miscarriage for which randomized-controlled trials have shown treatment to be effective is antiphospholipid syndrome. This article is therefore designed to improve critical thinking skills in a subject on which extensive and confusing literature exists.