Non-reproductive consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an increasingly common diagnosis in young and middle-aged women. Most cases will be seen by gynaecologists since the most common presenting complaints relate to menstrual disturbance, infertility or hirsutism. Strategies for managing these problems are covered in other articles in this issue of Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology. However, the gynaecologist's responsibility no longer stops with appropriate management of the presenting complaint. There is increasing anxiety amongst patients and clinicians that a diagnosis of PCOS places women in a ‘high-risk’ category for a number of longer-term consequences, including diabetes, certain cancers and coronary artery disease. This article reviews the evidence for long-term consequences of PCOS and discusses possible interventions to reduce risk.